Extreme IPO underpricing

Abstract

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to model the Chinese unique regulation changes with the supply-and-demand analytical framework and structure the relationship between initial public offerings (IPO) underpricing and institutional changes with the comparative static method. A well-functioning stock market is crucial to the transition into a market economy, but the Chinese stock market is somehow twisted with frequent government interventions, particularly the IPO market. Can the underpricing issue be mitigated in the changing institutional settings? Can the market-orientated incremental reform of regulations succeed in the Chinese stock market? Design/methodology/approach – The theoretical analysis confirms that IPO underpricing becomes relatively better with dynamic changes of relaxation of the approval and pricing systems. Collecting and examining the data of newly listed firms from 1993 to 2010, the influence of institutional changes on IPO underpricing with regressions, such as ordinary least square (OLS), bootstrap and two stage least square (2SLS) estimation methods was further empirically examined. Findings – The magnitude of the Chinese IPO underpricing during the past two decades is as high as 181.6 per cent on the average. The sizes of IPO underpricing significantly reduce with an increase in the issuing sizes and the ratios of price-earnings ratios. The dummy variables of government-approved regulations are negatively associated with IPO underpricing. The dummy variables of pricing regulations are positively related to IPO underpricing and the coefficients become smaller with newer regulations. Generally, the magnitude of the Chinese IPO underpricing decreases over time. Originality/value – This paper enriches the IPO literature by dynamically examining the effect of institutional changes on IPO underpricing in Chinese primary markets. We argue that institutional changes characterized by incremental marketization can help to alleviate extreme IPO underpricing and to promote financial development. The Chinese transition from the planning system to the market system in the IPO market will be a long and strenuous process, but it works.