Extremal iota energy of a subclass of bicyclic digraphs and sidigraphs

Abstract

The iota energy of an [Formula: see text]-vertex digraph [Formula: see text] is defined by [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] are eigenvalues of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the imaginary part of eigenvalue [Formula: see text] Recently, this concept of iota energy of digraphs is extended to sidigraphs. The iota energy of a sidigraph is defined in an analogous way. In this paper, we consider a class of digraphs with two linear subdigraphs of equal length and find digraphs in this class with extremal iota energy. Furthermore, we take a similar class of sidigraphs and find minimal and maximal iota energy among the sidigraphs in this class.