Extraterritorial Immigration Control In The 21st Century: The Individual And The State Transformed

Abstract

While practices of extraterritorial immigration control have been increasingly employed by States around the world in the past two decades, the 21st century saw a transformation of such controls. Focusing on the US, the UK and the European Union, this chapter aims to map the changes in extraterritorial immigration control exercised in the West, stressing in particular the links and convergence between models of extraterritorial immigration control globally. In this light, the chapter assesses the consequences of these changes for both the exercise of immigration control by the State and for the position of the individuals affected. A further impact on the individual, which this chapter has attempted to highlight, involves the consequences of the emphasis of the securitised extraterritorial immigration control on identity management. The legal challenges of extraterritorial immigration control are certainly challenges of protection and anti-discrimination, but also increasingly challenges of privacy, identity and citizenship. Keywords: 21st century; European Union; extraterritorial immigration control; Identity; State