Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Children (Ultrasound Finding)

Abstract

To describe ultrasound of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in children. This descriptive study conducted at very low economy and low hygiene sanitation environment at rural boundary islands: Saumlaki Health Centre, Tanimbar, Moluccas (January, 20-23. 2009 and March - May 2010), St Elisabeth Hospital, Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur (February 2012 - August 2013) and Stela Maris, Lukas Hilisimetano Hospitals and Fanayama Primary Health Centret, Onohondro Village at South Nias–North Sumatera province (April- July 2015). Data were abstracted from medical records of children disseminated tuberculosis. Patients were diagnosed by one certified ultrasound internal medicine specialist using the only one black and white portable ultrasound available. Patients had never previously received medical specialist service nor ultrasound examination. N=724 children , 0,5-15y (Saumlaki 392, Flores 184 and South Nias 148). All (100%) were Peritoneal (dry type) with recurrent colic abdomen pain, diarrhea/obstipation, distention, doughy & dam-board phenomena as well as constitutional symptom and undernourished. Small bowel ultrasound showed a/hypo- peristaltic, irregular thickening heterogenic hypo-echoic, irregular margin of the wall, loss differentiation of the wall layers, with several oval/round nodular structures those suggestive granuloma. 100% Lymph node enlargement both neck and paraaortal. Kidney ultrasound images according to the kidney during childhood growth. Normal pancreas and urinary bladder. At South Nias: Musculoskeletal manifestation were 2 (1,4%). Peritoneal dry type and small bowel tuberculosis and lymph node enlargement were the most extrapulmonary tuberculosis, followed by musculoskeletal.