Extraperitoneal Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Early-Stage Testicular Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors: Initial Experience

Abstract

To investigate a modified laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection technique using an extraperitoneal approach and to evaluate its feasibility. A group of consecutive patients from a single institution underwent extraperitoneal laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (EL-RLND) at weeks after orchiectomy for primary testicular nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT). All patients were placed in the supine position and tilted up 15 degrees on the affected side. Four trocars were introduced. The templates of lymph node dissection conformed to those of Weissbach and Boedefeld. EL-RLND was successfully performed in 15 patients (left, 6 patients; right, 9 patients). The mean total operative time for the entire series was 164 ± 49 minutes. The mean blood loss was 118 ± 74 mL. One intraoperative complication was injury of the vena cava, which occurred in one patient. Ureteral obstruction occurred in another patient. The mean postoperative intestinal function recovery time was 2 days. The mean postoperative hospitalization was 5.5 ± 1.1 days. Normal antegrade ejaculation was preserved in all patients. Pathologic studies revealed positive lymph nodes in three (20%) patients. No recurrence or distant metastasis occurred during 2 to 32 months of follow-up. EL-RLND is a safe and feasible procedure using an improved extraperitoneal approach that provides minimal invasion and rapid recovery of patients.