Extraordinary optical transmission and second harmonic generation in sub–10-nm plasmonic coaxial aperture

Jaehak Lee,Yong-Hee Lee,Suyeon Yang,Jun-Hyuk Choi,Jung H Shin,Min-Kyo Seo,Jihye Lee

doi:10.1515/nanoph-2020-0066

Abstract

Abstract Recent development in nanofabrication technology has enabled the fabrication of plasmonic nanoapertures that can provide strong field concentrations beyond the diffraction limit. Further utilization of plasmonic nanoaperture requires the broadband tuning of the operating wavelength and precise control of aperture geometry. Here, we present a novel plasmonic coaxial aperture that can support resonant extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) with a peak transmittance of ~10% and a wide tuning range over a few hundred nanometers. Because of the shadow deposition process, we could precisely control the gap size of the coaxial aperture down to the sub–10-nm scale. The plasmonic resonance of the SiNx/Au disk at the center of the coaxial aperture efficiently funnels the incident light into the sub–10-nm gap and allows strong electric field confinement for efficient second harmonic generation (SHG), as well as EOT. In addition to the experiment, we theoretically investigated the modal properties of the plasmonic coaxial aperture depending on the structural parameters and correlation between EOT and SHG through finite-difference time-domain simulations. We believe that our plasmonic coaxial apertures, which are readily fabricated by the nanoimprinting process, can be a versatile, practical platform for enhanced light–matter interaction and its nonlinear optical applications.

Highlights

Owing to the strong light–matter interactions beyond the optical diffraction limit [1,2,3,4,5], plasmonic nanostructures have facilitated various applications such as high-resolution imaging [6], sensors [7], tweezers [8], photovoltaics [9], structural color generation [10, 11], and optical medical therapies [12]
We believe that our plasmonic coaxial apertures, which are readily fabricated by the nanoimprinting process, can be a versatile, practical platform for enhanced light–matter interaction and its nonlinear optical applications
The plasmonic resonance of the SiNx/ Au disk strongly confines the electric field at the aperture gap and causes extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) and efficient second harmonic generation (SHG)

Summary

Introduction

Owing to the strong light–matter interactions beyond the optical diffraction limit [1,2,3,4,5], plasmonic nanostructures have facilitated various applications such as high-resolution imaging [6], sensors [7], tweezers [8], photovoltaics [9], structural color generation [10, 11], and optical medical therapies [12]. The resultant halfwavelength light emission and its high sensitivity to the structural changes provide novel applications, from ultrashort-width pulse generations [26, 27] to ultrahigh-sensitive surface morphologies [28, 29]. As their origin is the same, the electric field concentration, EOT, and SHG can be simultaneously created with a strong c orrelation [30]

Methods

Results

Conclusion