Abstract
Extracts from the centipede Scolopendra genus, have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases and have been found to exhibit anticancer activity in tumor cells. To investigate the potential and associated antitumor mechanism of alcohol extracts of the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans (AECS), cell viability, cell cycle and cell apoptosis were studied and the results revealed that AECS inhibits A375 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, AECS was found to arrest the cell cycle of A375 cells at the S phase, which was accompanied by a marked increase in the protein levels of cyclin E and a decrease in the protein levels of cyclin D1. In a cell culture system, AECS markedly induced the apoptosis of A375 cells, which was closely associated with the effects on the Bcl-2 family, whereby decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bak, Bax and Bad expression levels were observed. The underlying mechanism of AECS inhibiting A375 cell proliferation was associated with the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, indicating that AECS may present as a potential therapeutic agent for administration in human melanoma cancer intervention.
Highlights
The class, Chilopoda contains ~3,500 described species of centipedes, distributed among five living orders, which are predators characterized by a dorsoventrally flattened body bearing ≥15 pairs of legs; one pair per trunk segment [1]
The decrease in the number of G0/G1 phase cells was 56.37, 52.98, 48.26 and 23.99% with AECS concentrations of 0, 0.16, 0.32 and 0.64 mg/ml, respectively. These results indicated that AECS mediates A375 cell growth by inducing partial S phase cell cycle arrest
The results revealed that AECS exhibits a significant inhibition of A375 cell growth in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner
Summary
The class, Chilopoda contains ~3,500 described species of centipedes, distributed among five living orders, which are predators characterized by a dorsoventrally flattened body bearing ≥15 pairs of legs; one pair per trunk segment [1]. Centipedes are predators that use venom to primarily arrest or subdue their prey and have been used, Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans (S. subspinipes mutilans), in Eastern medicine to treat a variety of conditions, including spasms, childhood convulsions, seizures, poisonous nodules. One at the G1/S transition and one at the G2/M transition, regulate the cell cycle and, the modulated expression of cell cycle regulatory molecules on antiproliferation or apoptosis has been investigated in numerous cell types [7]. A general critical event associated with DNA damage is the activation of cell cycle checkpoints, and cyclins and cyclin‐dependent kinases (cdks) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that are essential for cell cycle control [8]. The present study investigated whether AECS‐induced antiproliferation or apoptosis are associated with an uncontrolled cell cycle
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