Extractive liquid–liquid spectrofluorometric determination of trace and ultra concentrations of bromate in water samples by the fluorescence quenching of tetraphenylphosphonium iodide

Abstract

A low cost and selective spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for trace determination of bromate ions in water. The method has been based upon complete extraction of the produced yellow colored ion associate of the reagent tetraphenylphosphonium iodide (TPP+ I−) and bromate ions from aqueous media into chloroform and measuring the fluorescence quenching at λex/em=242/305nm. The composition, stability and the most probable mechanism of the produced associate have been determined. The plot of fluorescence intensity of TPP+ I−vs. bromate concentration was linear in the range 0.86–150.0μgL−1. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of BrO3− were 0.24 and 0.76μgL−1, respectively. The method was found free from most of the interferences present in chromatographic, spectrofluorometric and spectrophotometric methods. Intra and inter-day laboratory accuracy and precision for analysis of bromate in water were determined. The method provides better performance compared to the international standard method recently issued (ISO 11206:2011). The method was applied satisfactorily for analysis of 1.0μgL−1 bromate in the presence of high excess of chloride (50mg/L) without pretreatment with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of ±2.9%. The method was applied for analysis of bromate in various water samples. Statistical comparison of the results of the proposed method with those obtained by the standard method revealed no significant differences in the accuracy and precision.