Abstract
Extraction of sulphonated dyes through supramolecular interaction with calix[4]arene derivatives is being presented here. The selectivity of calixarene derivatives namely piperidine derivative of calix[4]arene (calix-1), 1-methyl piperazine derivative of calix[4]arene (calix-2), and di-methyl amine derivative of calix[4]arene (calix-3) were evaluated initially against reactive red 2 (RR-2), acid black (AB), reactive blue 19 (B-19) and synthetic dye (D-2) by liquid-liquid extraction experiment. The results showed that the above three calixarenes possess excellent complexation abilities toward the selected dyes. The stoichiometric ratio for the calixarene derivatives and dyes was estimated through Job’s plot, whereas Hildebrand-Benesi equation was used to calculate formation constant (Ks) and molar absorptivity (Δε) of complexes. The binding association (Ka) and dissociation (Kd) constants were calculated by Scatchard plot additionally to further support the complexation data obtained from Hildebrand-Benesi equation. Conversely association constants from, both Hildebrand-Benesi equation and Scatchard plot i.e. Ks and Ka favor strong binding interaction between calix-1: D-2, calix-2: B-19, and calix-3: AB complexes. Thus present study adeptly supports the complexation of calixarene derivatives for sulfonated dyes.
Highlights
The abundant use of dyes in industries namely paper, agriculture, cosmetics, textile, plastic and leather duringHow to cite this paper: Israr, M., Faheem, F., Minhas, F.T., Rauf, A., Rauf, S., Shah, M.R., Rahim, F., Shah, K. and Bhanger, M.I. (2016) Extraction Properties of Calix[4]arenes towards Sulphonated Dyes
During coloration process not all synthetic dyes are attached with the fabric they are lost in the effluent [4]
reactive red 2 (RR-2), acid black (AB), blue 19 (B-19) and D-2 were accomplished in progression
Summary
The abundant use of dyes in industries namely paper, agriculture, cosmetics, textile, plastic and leather duringHow to cite this paper: Israr, M., Faheem, F., Minhas, F.T., Rauf, A., Rauf, S., Shah, M.R., Rahim, F., Shah, K. and Bhanger, M.I. (2016) Extraction Properties of Calix[4]arenes towards Sulphonated Dyes. The abundant use of dyes in industries namely paper, agriculture, cosmetics, textile, plastic and leather during. (2016) Extraction Properties of Calix[4]arenes towards Sulphonated Dyes. Ten thousand commercial dyes are available approximately 0.7 million tons of dyes are produced on the annual on global basis [5]. The textile industry releases bulk quantity (10% - 15%) of dyes in comparison to other industries [6] [7]. During coloration process not all synthetic dyes are attached with the fabric they are lost in the effluent [4]. The prolong exposure of dye stuff in workers of these industries is associated with serious health troubles such as mutagenicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Dyes are hazardous for aquatic ecosystem and severely affect marine life [8]
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