Abstract
This work focused on extraction optimization by dynamic maceration of the foremost bioactive compounds of cat's claw bark, namely, polyphenols (PPH), pentacyclic (POA) and tetracyclic oxindole alkaloids (TOA), and quinovic acid glycosides (QAG). A three-level Box–Behnken design was applied for this purpose, using ethanol concentration (X1), extraction time (X2) and plant:solvent ratio (X3) as factors. The data fitting revealed R2>0.929, and no lack-of-fit could be verified (P>0.05). X1 showed a negative quadratic effect on all responses evaluated (P<0.05). X3 had negative linear effects only on PPH and POA indicating solvent saturation. No significant effect associated with X2 was observed, owing to a favorable mass transfer facilitated by the extraction process. Maximum extraction yields regarding PPH, POA, TOA, QAG, and all compounds together were achieved with 50, 63, 62, 69, and 61% (v/v) of hydroethanolic solutions, respectively, linked to a plant:solvent ratio of 0.5:10 (w/v) and an extraction time of 2h. In addition, the mathematical models developed showed a good predictive capacity (82–107%) in the optimized extraction conditions for all responses evaluated.
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