Abstract
The liquid membrane process for the production of fine spherical tungsten oxide particles was developed to substitute the current commercial process by solvent extraction. Emulsions composed of Alamine 336–H2SO4–Span 80–kerosene as an organic phase and NH4OH as an inner aqueous phase were used to extract tungsten from sodium tungstate–acetic solutions. The presence of acetic acid in the sodium tungstate solution prevented the precipitation of tungsten salts in the low pH ranges. The extraction rate of tungsten by a liquid membrane from the lower pH ranges of acetic–tungstate solutions was high, which would be due to the increased driving force for the exchange of OH− of inner aqueous phase of emulsion.
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