Abstract
AbstractCannabis indica stems were hydrolyzed with subcritical water at various temperatures, reaction times, and feed concentrations. The highest total yield of reducing sugars of 16.4 wt % was obtained at 190 °C in 37.5 min with a feed concentration of 3.5 wt %. Solid residues from the optimized process were treated with 0.5 M NaOH (pulping) and 0.5–3 % H2O2 (bleaching) to isolate cellulose fibers. The maximum yield of cellulose was 34.8 wt % with lowest lignin content of 0.5 wt %. With the removal of hemicellulose and lignin through the integrated hydrothermal processes, the crystallinity index and thermal stability of the cellulose fibers increased.
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