Abstract
The study introduces eco-friendly leaching agents as alternatives to traditional rare earth element (REE) extraction solvents, addressing environmental concerns associated with ammonium sulfate. Bio-based ionic liquids (ILs), known for their non-toxic and biodegradable properties, were screened using the COSMO-RS software. Initially, 105 ILs involving 7 cations and 15 anions were computationally screened to find the best ILs for REE extraction. The chosen criteria were based on hydrogen bond formation, affinity screening, hydrophobicity, viscosity, and eco-toxicity test. Based on the COSMO-RS screening, choline oleate, choline decanoate, and choline hexanoate exhibit high solubility for REEs, with a chemical potential of 17.60, 17.01, and 18.37 kcal/mol at REE oxidation state +2. Choline glycinate, choline oleate, choline decanoate, choline hexanoate, choline lysinate, and choline leucinate were selected for their strong affinity to extract REE dissociate ions. Experimental results show slightly higher REE extraction from ammonium sulfate (3.17 ppm) compared to choline glycinate (3.15 ppm). For long-term applications, choline glycinate offers a promising eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to traditional leaching agents, promoting economic feasibility and environmental friendliness.
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