Abstract
The use of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC⿿CO2), with water as a modifier, was evaluated in this study as a method to extract protocatechuic acid (PA) from Scutellaria barbata D. Don. The highest extraction yield of PA, 64.094±2.756μg/g of dry plant, was achieved at 75°C and 27.5MPa, with the addition of 15.6% (v/v) water as a modifier. The mean particle size was 0.355mm, the CO2 flow rate was 2.2mL/min (STP) and the dynamic extraction time was 100min. At pressures of 16.2⿿30.0MPa and temperatures of 45⿿75°C, the mole fraction solubilities of PA in SC⿿CO2 ranged from 2.829ÿ10⿿7 to 9.631ÿ10⿿7. The solubility data for PA fit well in the Chrastil model. It is evident that the SC⿿CO2 extraction uses less solvent, saves both energy and time and is an environmentally friendly extract technology that can be used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
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