Extraction of Pregabalin in Urine Samples Using a Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) Membrane.

Chanbasha Basheer,Amr M. Mahmoud

doi:10.1155/2021/3439242

Abstract

In this work, a simple polymer-assisted microextraction technique was developed to determine pregabalin (an anticonvulsant drug) in the urine sample. A sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membrane was used as a sorbent for pregabalin extraction, and the extraction performance was compared with that of the conventional polydimethylsiloxane membrane. The extraction device is free moving and tumbles continuously throughout the stirred sample solution during extraction to enhance the extraction efficiency. The electrostatic interactions between the sulfonic-acid-functionalized polymeric membrane and the amine group in the pregabalin molecule facilitate higher preconcentration factor at a shorter extraction time. Optimizing conditions of the extraction method were investigated to obtain higher extraction efficiency. The developed method exhibited good linearity in the range of 0.05 to 2 µg/mL with a correlation of determination (r2) 0.9998, acceptable limits of detection, limits of quantification, and preconcentration factor of 105-fold. The within-day and between-day precisions of pregabalin were lower than 7% relative standard deviations. Pregabalin was extracted from urine samples with recoveries of >92%, and no significant matrix effects were observed.

Highlights

Pregabalin is used as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures with or without secondary generalization in adults
For the first time, we have developed polymer-assisted microextraction (PME) using a sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) functionalized polymer membrane as an adsorbent
Optimization of PME. e extraction principle of PME is based on ion-pair partitioning of pregabalin with the SPEEK membrane. e ion-exchange extraction mechanism of SPEEK

Summary

Introduction

Pregabalin is used as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures with or without secondary generalization in adults. Pregabalin is minimally metabolized and primarily excreted in urine as unchanged drugs, and studies in healthy volunteers indicate oral bioavailability to be approximately 90% [8]. It is available in 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg capsules, and this variation allows it to be easier to prescribe when the medication is being introduced. To improve the direct analysis’s sensitivity, various derivatization reagents were used; for example, cyclodextrins were added before capillary electrophoresis and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis [18] Other chromogenic reagents such as 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) or 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene and 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone and ninhydrin were used for UV/visible spectrophotometry or spectrofluorometry analysis [2, 19,20,21]. The extract was injected into HPLC (without any derivatization). e developed method required only small amounts of sample and solvent

Materials

Membrane Preparation

Results and Discussion

Method

Conclusions