Extraction of pigments and fatty acids from the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus (Chlorophyceae)

Abstract

In this paper, the efficiency of pigment and fatty acid extraction from resistant algae using Scenedesmus obliquus as an example was examined. We found that adding quartz sand and solvent to freeze-dried algal material and subsequent extraction in an ultrasound bath for 90 min at 4C resulted in excellent extraction of these compounds. This extraction method was compared with a method regularly used for extraction of fatty acids and pigments, i.e. addition of solvents to algal material with subsequent incubation. Our extraction using the ultrasound and sand method was about twice as efficient as this method for both pigments and fatty acids. The ultrasound method is simple, extracts over 90% of the different substances in one step and conserves the relationships of pigments and fatty acids. In addition, no alteration- or breakdown products were observed with the new method. Thus, this method allows accurate quantitative extraction of both pigments and fatty acids from Scenedesmus obliquus and other algae. The method was also been found to be as effective for Cryptomonas erosa(Cryptophyceae), Cyclotella meneghiniana(Bacillariophyceae), Microcystis aeruginosa(Cyanophyceae), and Staurastrum paradoxum (Chlorophyceae, Desmidiaceae) and is thus applicable to a wide spectrum of algae.