Abstract
Abstract Steam distillation was used to extract several pesticides from samples of soil, plant tissue, and air (by using polyurethane foam filters). The major advantages of steam distillation over most other procedures are the small amounts of organic solvent required (10 mL) and the elimination of extract cleanup. In addition, the procedure is reasonably rapid and requires no special laboratory glassware. Recoveries of 22 pesticides from fortified samples were >75%, except for toxaphene and methoxychlor; recoveries were greater for the more volatile pesticides. Steam distillation extraction recoveries of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides from weathered (33 years) soil samples, compared with exhaustive Soxhlet extraction, were similar, except for DDT residues which depended on soil type. DDT residue extraction from a muck by distillation was poor (only 21–60% compared with Soxhlet extraction). The procedure is apparently limited to fairly nonpolar pesticides that are stable in steam or heat.
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