Abstract
The efficiency of a photovoltaic(PV) array is greatly influenced by shading conditions. The PV arrays get shadowed, completely or partially, by the passing clouds, neighboring buildings and towers, trees, and utility and telephone poles. Under partially shaded conditions, the PV exhibits non convex characteristics with multiple peaks. Extraction of maximum power from PV array is possible using bypass diodes or sub-module integrated converters (subMIC).This paper presents a comparative study of photovoltaic module with bypass diode and that with subMIC. A 3-module PV series string with bypass diode and with subMIC were simulated under mismatched solar irradiation conditions using MATLAB Simulink.
Highlights
Solar panels are divided into number of substrings and are connected in series
The effect of partial shading on solar panel can be minimized using bypass diodes which minimize the effects of partial shading by essentially enabling electricity to ‘flow around’ the shaded cell and using sub-module integrated converters (subMIC)
Even though the arrangement is supposed to give a power output of 150W (60+60+30), it is giving an output of 120W (60+60) only
Summary
Solar panels are divided into number of substrings and are connected in series. In most PV systems, the presence of shade or mismatch have a greater impact on the system’s power output. This is due to the serial nature of PV modules in strings, which creates a “Christmas tree effect” in which current reduction in one series-connected module causes mismatch losses in the rest of the string. The enormous power dissipation occurring in a small area results in local overheating, or "hot-spots", which in turn leads to destructive effects, such as cell or glass cracking, melting of solder or degradation of the solar cell. In order to avoid hot spots in solar panels use of bypass diode or subMIC is adequate. This paper is organized in to four parts as (i) The photovoltaic module models under partial shading conditions (ii) effect of partial shading on photovoltaic module (iii) Photovoltaic module under partial shading condition with bypass diode(iv) photovoltaic module under partial shading conditions with subMIC
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