Abstract
The accumulation of heavy metals in soil is a serious environmental problem. It is well known that heavy metals have an affinity for different compartments of soil. The risk associated with the presence of metals in soil is the ability of their transfer in water or plants. In the present research, batch extraction experiments were conducted using acetic acid (AA) as an extractant solution at various concentrations and contact times to determine the best conditions of soil washing process to achieve high heavy metal removal efficiencies. AA was investigated for its applicability for the removal of lead, cadmium and nickel from soil. Batch soil washing experiments were performed on 1.0 g portions of the spiked soil using different concentrations (0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mol/L) of AA (CH3COOH) with solid: liquid ratio of 1:10. The results showed that AA extracted greater Pb than Cd and Ni. The extraction was carried out with shaking times from 15 to 180 min. The removal percentage of Pb varies from 42.2%-100% and Cd from 5.2%-31.1% with increasing concentration of AA, while the removal efficiency of Ni was not exceeded about 1%. Comparing with Pb and Cd, the removal efficiency of Ni was very low; this means that the solubility of Ni in AA was very low. It was found that 0.1 mol/L AA for soil washing was effective in removing absorbed Pb from contaminated soil (100% efficiency) at time 15 min. While the efficiency reaching 100% with washing solution of 0.05 and 0.01 mol/L at times 120 and 180 min, respectively. The efficiencies of Cd and Ni extraction were improved when 1 mol/L of AA solution was used (41.3% to 70.6% for Cd and 16.3% to 23.3% for Ni).
Highlights
The contamination of soils with heavy metals is a major environmental problem throughout the world, whichHow to cite this paper: Gzar, H.A., Abdul-Hameed, A.S. and Yahya, A.Y. (2014) Extraction of Lead, Cadmium and Nickel from Contaminated Soil Using Acetic Acid
The results indicated that the acid solution is effective in removing Pb and moderately effective in removing Cd from contaminated soils, this technique failed to reduce Ni
It was found that 0.1 mol/L acetic acid (AA) for soil washing was effective in removing absorbed Pb from contaminated soil (100% efficiency) at time 15 min
Summary
The contamination of soils with heavy metals is a major environmental problem throughout the world, whichHow to cite this paper: Gzar, H.A., Abdul-Hameed, A.S. and Yahya, A.Y. (2014) Extraction of Lead, Cadmium and Nickel from Contaminated Soil Using Acetic Acid. The contamination of soils with heavy metals is a major environmental problem throughout the world, which. (2014) Extraction of Lead, Cadmium and Nickel from Contaminated Soil Using Acetic Acid. Open Journal of Soil Science, 4, 207-214. Toxic metals are present in various chemical forms in soils, and exhibit different physical and chemical behaviors in terms of chemical interactions, mobility, biological availability and potential toxicity [2]. Chemical speciation plays a vital role in the solubility and potential bioavailability of metals in soils. Toxic metals are not degradable in the environment, and can persist in soils for decades or even centuries. The contamination of soils by metals can have long-term environmental and health implications [3]
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