Abstract
The essential oil of ‘Gannanzao’ orange peel was extracted by hydrodistillation, and the extraction conditions were optimized by Box–Behnken response surface methodology. The components of essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS. Thirty-nine different components were detected, accounting for 99.59% of the total oil. Limonene (88.07%) was the prominent component. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: liquid material ratio of 8.4:1 (mL/g), sodium chloride concentration of 5.3%, and distillation time of 3.5 h. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay showed that ‘Gannanzao’ orange peel essential oil had good dose-dependent inhibition effect on the proliferation of HepG2 hepatoma cells and HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. When the concentration of the essential oil was 0.6 μL/mL or higher, the viability rate of both cancer cells became lower than 13.0%. The transwell assay indicated the essential oil can inhibit migration of both cancer cells at the concentration of 0.3 μL/mL.
Highlights
Cancer is a serious disease that threatens human health with a high mortality rate
Newman et al reported [4] that, from the 1940s to 2014, 75% of the 175 small molecule anticancer drugs approved by the US Food and Drug
Oranges were peeled by hand, separating the external part of the orange, giving a yield of 20% (w/w) of orange peel with respect to the whole fruit
Summary
Cancer is a serious disease that threatens human health with a high mortality rate. It is characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal and proliferating cells that have undergone a plethora of changes in multiple genes [1]. As some anticancer drugs have high toxicity and resistance rates and are ineffective in some types of tumors, the research and development of greater resources towards prevention are needed. Natural anticancer agents from plants have drawn much interest and played a significant role in cancer drug discovery due to their multitude effects on diverse molecular signaling pathways, with no or minimal toxicity in normal cells. Newman et al reported [4] that, from the 1940s to 2014, 75% of the 175 small molecule anticancer drugs approved by the US Food and Drug
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