Extraction of Cr from CCLW and its utilisation in the development of composite by friction stir process

Abstract

ABSTRACT Chrome containing leather waste (CCLW) produces lots of air and soil pollution. CCLW is produced from leather industries. CCLW is very harmful to the human health after rotting. However, by using this waste at right time and right place, the pollution generated by them can be prevented. Though various attempts have been made to utilise CCLW in various applications, some attempts were also observed in the development of bio-composite material. But, still no researchers used CCLW in the development of aluminium-based composite material as reinforcement by FSP technique. This study attempts to use CCLW as reinforcement after the extraction of Cr in the form of collagen powder. Ball-milling of collagen powder and alumina has been carried out for 100 h. Mixture of ball-milled reinforcement particles were used to develop aluminium-based composite material. FSP technique was used to develop surface composite. FSP process parameters were first optimised using Box-Behnken Design. Optimum PSP parameters were found to be the number of tool pass of 1, tool rotational speed of 943.12 RPM and transverse speed of 23.56 mm/min. Tensile strength and hardness of composite developed at optimum FSP parameters improved by about 17.95% and 32.44%, respectively, with respect to the base material.