Abstract
Coals (from lignite to anthracite) were extracted at room temperature with CS 2-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (MP) mixed solvent (1:1 by volume), which was found to be a very efficient solvent for the extraction of bituminous coals in a previous study. High yields of 30–66% (daf) were obtained for 29 of the 49 bituminous coals (C%76.9–90.6% daf) examined. The anthracite, subbituminous coals and lignites did not give high yields. The results of the characterization of the raw coals, extracts and residues suggest that reactions between the coals and the solvents do not occur to a significant extent during the extraction. The synergistic effect, i.e. the large increase in yield and rate for the mixed solvent compared with those for CS 2 and MP alone has been explained by increasing solubility and diffusibility of the extracts and increasing swelling of the coals, in the mixed solvent. The mixed solvents of CS 2 with quinoline, pyridine and THF gave lower extraction yields than the CS 2-MP mixed solvent.
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