Abstract
One of the difficulties of using algae produces of biofuels the development of an active and economically feasible process for oil extraction from these unicellular algae. Algae have a high fat content. In this study two types of algae were used, Fucus vesiculosus and Cladophora glomerata moss algae. Where these algae are collected from swamps and marine waters and left under sunlight to dry for a period of three days. A comparative study was conducted to extract fats from algae using Soxhlet where organic solvents were used in the separation process such as methanol and ethyl acetate. Methanol is used more often because it is cheap and has chemical and physical characteristic. We use the ethyl acetate to prove that not good for extraction. The extraction processes by using organic solvents in the Soxhlet device have shown promising results. Different ratios of solvent to algal weight were tested. The properties of bio oil also were characterized using FTIR and GC-MS spectroscopy methods. The maximum yield of bio oil obtained using C.glomerata and F.vesiculosus were 0.134 and 0.195 using methanol solvent.
Highlights
Algae is a so promising raw material for producing oils for use like a fuel (Pandey et al, 2018) In addition, it does not require high soil use and does not need fresh water and can grow in sea water or wastewater, and grow faster in a very short amount of time, and the generated oil does not represent a threat to food security, it can reduce the impact of climate change and the resulting global warming due to the large number of greenhouse gases generated from fuel due to the low carbon emission from algae fuel (Bwapwa, Anandraj and Trois, 2017)
The extraction process performed proved that the use of methanol is preferable to the use of ethyl acetate
GC - MS analyzes were performed in order to find out the hydrocarbons present in algae oil different classes of hydrocarbons were obtained for both algae (F. vesiculosus) and algae (C. glomerata) in the Tables 2 and 3
Summary
Algae is a so promising raw material for producing oils for use like a fuel (Pandey et al, 2018) In addition, it does not require high soil use and does not need fresh water and can grow in sea water or wastewater, and grow faster in a very short amount of time, and the generated oil does not represent a threat to food security, it can reduce the impact of climate change and the resulting global warming due to the large number of greenhouse gases generated from fuel due to the low carbon emission from algae fuel (Bwapwa, Anandraj and Trois, 2017). Algae have many beneficial characteristics which authorize it for used in Different systems. The traditional method used to extraction oil from algae is the extraction process of organic solvents (Mercer and Armenta, 2011). While this processes are so successful in extraction overall lipids, they may be considered dangerous for a human health, but hexane can have neurotoxic impacts. The method of extracting organic solvents depends on the affinity of the solvent-solvent, as it requires different types of reactions to achieve the highest productivity of extraction. Two types of algal species (Fucus vesiculosus and Cladophora glomerata) were chosen for bio oil production through the Soxhlet extraction method using methanol and ethyl acetate as solvents. The properties of bio oil were characterized using FTIR and GC-MS spectroscopy methods
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