Extraction of Azole Antifungal Drugs from Milk and Biological Fluids Using a New Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction and Analysis by GC-FID

Abstract

Hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) based on two immiscible organic solvents (n-dodecane as membrane solvent and 22 μL acetonitrile as acceptor phase) was evaluated for extraction and preconcentration of trace amounts of miconazole and clotrimazole as model azole antifungal drugs, prior to determination by gas chromatography (GC). The drugs were extracted from 24 mL sample solution into a thin layer of organic phase (n-dodecane) immobilized in hollow fiber pores, and then back-extracted into approximately 22 μL organic phase (acetonitrile) located in the lumen of the hollow fiber. After extraction, 1 μL acceptor phase was injected into a GC instrument. Under optimum conditions, limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.3–6.0 ng mL−1, linear dynamic range of 1–400 ng mL−1 and relative standard deviations (RSD%) <5% were obtained. The developed method provided preconcentration factors of 639 and 496 for clotrimazole and miconazole, respectively. The applicability of the extraction method to different types of complicated matrices such as milk, plasma and urine samples was investigated. The results obtained results reveal that the proposed method is a good technique for extraction and determination of the target drugs in different matrices.