Extraction methods, LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of phenolic compounds and antiradical properties of functional food enriched with elderberry flowers or fruits

Abstract

Due to its pharmacological activity, Sambucus nigra L. is excellent potential component of functional food. The main aim of presented study was the quantitative and qualitative analysis (LC-ESI-MS/MS) of phenolic acids and flavonoids present in extracts obtained from corn snacks with addition of elderberry fruits or flowers. Additionally, antiradical activity of samples was determined. Moreover, the comparison of various extraction methods of polyphenols from that functional food was made. In corn snacks, without additives, nine phenolic compounds were identified. These were protocatechuic, 4-OH-benzoic, caffeic, p-coumaric, salicylic, ferulic acids, rutin, isoquercetin and apigenin-7-glucoside. In the extract from Sambucus flowers and extract from snacks containing 20% of Sambucus flowers fifteen polyphenols were found. They were additionally gallic, gentisic, vanillic, sinapic acids, kaempferol-3-rutinoside and astragalin. The radical-scavenging activity of the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical and using thin layer chromatography. The high antiradical potential was observed for crude extracts from Sambucus flowers or fruits and for extracts enriched with 20%, 10%, 5% of Sambucus flowers. The product with a 20% addition of fruits revealed moderate free radical scavenging properties.Snacks enriched with Sambucus flowers, prepared by the extrusion process, have great potential to be a good source of natural antioxidants and may be a convenient, health-promoting product useful in the prevention of lifestyle diseases.