Abstract
The medicinal properties shown by different plants are due to phytochemicals present in the plant. These phytochemicals are the most vital source for the treatment of various diseases. Different phytochemicals have an extensive range of activities, which help to enhance the immune system and give resistance to the body to protect against attack of harmful pathogens. It is well accepted fact that even areca plant seed is also a good source of phytochemicals and hence planned to examine the phytochemicals present in its different stages, that is, tender areca nut (TACN), mature areca nut (MACN) and dry areca nut (DACN). All the three stages of areca nut extract were examined for tannin, phenols, flavonoids, alcohols, acids, amines and nitro groups. They showed positive results for all the tests. Trace elements such as Cu, Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb are present in small amount when compared to Na and K, and are identified by Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of functional groups such as –OH. –NH, -CH, >C=O, >C=C C-O-C and –NO groups in the areca nut extract. Extracts were investigated through GC-MS for identification of the chemical composition of extract, on comparison with results obtained from FTIR, and molecular mass nine, fourteen and five compounds were identified in TACN, MACN and DACN extracts, respectively.
Highlights
The medicinal properties shown by different plants are due to phytochemicals present in the plant
After the completion of the extraction process, extract of tender areca (TACN), mature areca (MACN) and dry areca (DACN) were separately filtrated with whatmann filter paper and the filtrate was dried at room temperature till a powder was formed and which was kept in a desiccator
Fourier Transformer Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) spectroscopy tender areca nut (TACN), mature areca nut (MACN) and dry areca nut (DACN) showed positive results for phenols, tannins, flavonoids, alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines and nitrates. These are confirmed by FTIR study, which predict the presence of functional groups such as –OH, -CH, -C=O, -NO, -C-O-C stretching. –NH, -C=C stretch is due to the presence of aromatic compounds [27, 28]
Summary
Collection of the sample Areca nut samples of different stages (tender, mature and dry areca nuts) were collected form the areca nut palm from nearby village. Therma l stability of different stages of areca nut was studied by Thermogravimetric analyzer SDT Q600 V20.9 (Japan) This measures the weight loss of the sample in relation with the temperature, heat flow, derivative weight and temperature difference, and there by it measures TGA, DSC, DTG and DTA, respectively. All the three extracts are expected to possess various elements (AAS) in the extract, but which are of different size or radius They do not form any proper crystal and there will be much lattice strain and dislocation density, which probably lead to form various hkl values to X-ray and blurred or not well defined x-ray spectra is obtained. FTIR spectroscopy TACN, MACN and DACN showed positive results for phenols, tannins, flavonoids, alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines and nitrates These are confirmed by FTIR study, which predict the presence of functional groups such as –OH, -CH, -C=O, -NO, -C-O-C stretching. These are confirmed by FTIR study, which predict the presence of functional groups such as –OH, -CH, -C=O, -NO, -C-O-C stretching. –NH (bending vibrations are observed), -C=C stretch is due to the presence of aromatic compounds [27, 28]
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