Abstract
By-products originating from agricultural and food processing are considerable disposal problem for the industry because these waste streams emerge in huge quantities and often have direct impact on the economy and environmental pollution. However, at the same time, it constitute a rich but yet underutilized source of valuable components, which may find application as ingredients in the food and non-food industries. As a result, numerous projects are currently directed toward the utilization of agricultural and food processing by-products such as animal-based (skin, bone, flesh, and internal organs) and plant-based biomaterials (fruit peels and seeds, rice bran, and etc.). In the present work, we would like to focus on the potentialities and the current research of the compounds and extracts deriving from agro-industrial disposable wastes in the food-related utilization. The potential of selected by-products as a source of bioactive/functional compounds in terms of emerging and conventional techniques for extraction, characterization, biological activity monitoring and application of the extracts or isolated compounds as functional food ingredients or bio-based materials for food packaging are highlighted. Considering environmental effect and economic loss, agricultural and food processing by-products should be utilized in various innovative processes in the cause of beneficial product derivation.
Highlights
Agriculture has long been the mainstay of the Thai economy, with abundant natural resources, and the majority of the Thai population engages in agricultural practices
Agricultural products in Thailand can be classified into four types: (1) crops, such as rice, tapioca, natural rubber, and pineapple; (2) forestry and timber products (40% of the area in Thailand has been designated as forests); (3) fishery products, including freshwater and saltwater fisheries; and
This section reviews by-products from two main food processing industries such as animal-based biomaterials and plant-based biomaterials that have a potential to be produced as gelatin, seasoning powder, calcium powder, film, protein concentrate, isolate and hydrolysates, bioactive peptides, and others such as protease, tyrosinase, antioxidant, and antimicrobial agents
Summary
Thailand is situated in the heart of the Southeast Asian mainland, fertile, tropical country with monsoonal climate that reinforce agriculture both in land and off land [1]. The major trading partners with Thailand in agricultural products, ranked by export value, are as follows: (1) rice (Nigeria, China, Japan, and the USA); (2) natural rubber (Benin, Malaysia, the United Kingdom, and Japan); (3) processed chicken (South Africa, Japan, the Netherlands, Canada, and Taiwan); (4) chilled or frozen shrimp (Cote d’Ivoire, the USA, Germany, and the Republic of Korea); and (5) tapioca products (Ghana, the Republic of Korea, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and Indonesia) [2]. This section reviews by-products from two main food processing industries such as animal-based biomaterials (fish skin, bone, flesh, and internal organs) and plant-based biomaterials (pineapple, mango, longan, tea, sacha inchi, oilseeds, legumes, rice, etc.) that have a potential to be produced as gelatin, seasoning powder, calcium powder, film, protein concentrate, isolate and hydrolysates, bioactive peptides, and others such as protease, tyrosinase, antioxidant, and antimicrobial agents
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