Abstract
Dragon fruit skin contains anthocyanin dyes which are quite high. Anthocyanins are dyes that give red color and can be used as natural dyes for food. This study aims to determine the ratio of the 10% citric acid solution with the time of maceration to obtain the highest anthocyanin levels and to determine the stability of the red dragon fruit peel extract. The research design used was a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely the ratio of red dragon fruit peel pulp with 10% citric acid solvent consisting of three levels: 1: 3; 1: 6; 1: 9. The second factor is the length of maceration of the red dragon fruit skin which consists of three levels: 3 days; 3.5 days; 4 days. Analysis of red dragon fruit peel extract includes: yield, anthocyanin levels, pH value, color intensity, and stability test. The best treatment of red dragon fruit peel extraction was obtained in the sample ratio of 10% citric acid solution (1: 3) and the duration of maceration for 4 days with a yield of 22.92%; pH value of 1.84; anthocyanin levels of 52.27 mg / L; L * color intensity of 16.54; color intensity a * of 75.57; color intensity b * was 9.63 and the best anthocyanin dye stability test was obtained at a pH of 3 and a temperature of 7 ° C.
Highlights
Indonesia is a tropical country that is rich in fruits
The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern with 2 factors, namely 2, namely: Factor I ratio of 10% citric acid solution consisting of 1: 3; 1: 6; 1: 9. The second factor is the length of maceration which consists of 3 days, 3.5 days, 4 days
The more the ratio of 10% citric acid solution is used, the tendency of the pH of the solution will decrease. This acidic condition causes more and more vacuole walls to break so that the more anthocyanin pigments are extracted and the longer the maceration time required for the extraction of red dragon fruit skin, the more anthocyanin pigments are extracted [4]
Summary
Indonesia is a tropical country that is rich in fruits. Various fruits can be cultivated well and thrive, one of which is red dragon fruit. The part of red dragon fruit that is often used is the flesh, while the skin of the dragon fruit is often thrown into waste. Even though dragon fruit has a fairly thick skin, which is between 30-35%. Dragon fruit peel contains high enough natural anthocyanin dyes. Anthocyanins are dyes that have a role to give red color and have the potential to become natural dyes for food and can be used as an alternative to synthetic dyes that are safer for health [1]
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