Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the impact of three different extraction methods on oil yield, physicochemical properties and bioactive ingredients of radish seeds. Methods: Radish seed oil was prepared by traditional solvent extraction (SE), supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE) and sub-critical propane extraction (SPE). The yield, physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of the oil extracts were compared. The contents of tocopherol and sulforaphene in the oils were also determined. Results: The oil yield obtained by SPE, SE, SCE were 33.69, 27.17 and 24.10 %, respectively. There were no significant differences in physicochemical properties and fatty acid composition of oils extracted by the three methods. However, SCE oil had the best oxidative stability, and highest contents of vitamin E and sulforaphene, followed by oils from SPE and SE Conclusion: SCE is highly selective for tocopherol and sulforaphene, which could explain its high oil oxidative stability. These results suggest that of the three extraction methods, SCE is best suited for preparing medicinal radish seed oil. Keywords: Radish seed oil, Different extraction methods, Fatty acid composition, Tocopherol, Sulforaphene
Highlights
There is sufficient scientific evidence indicating that consumption of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) has positive influence on reduction of risks of a number of cancers and cardiovascular diseases, due to its content of some beneficial phytochemicals [1,2,3]
Injector temperature was at 250 °C; carrier gas was at a flow rate of 1 mL/min; ionization energy was 70 eV; mass range was 40–500 m/z and scan mode was on electron impact
Sulforaphene content of the oil obtained by Super-critical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE) was the highest (53.34 mg/kg), followed by sub-critical propane extraction (SPE) and solvent extraction (SE), which yielded 27.65 and 13.72 mg/kg, respectively
Summary
There is sufficient scientific evidence indicating that consumption of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) has positive influence on reduction of risks of a number of cancers and cardiovascular diseases, due to its content of some beneficial phytochemicals [1,2,3]. SE, SCE and SPE were used to extract oil from radish seeds. The radish seed bran powder (1200 g) was loaded into the extractor and extracted at a pressure of 0.4 mPa and temperature of 40 oC for 2.5 h. Fatty acid compositions of the oil samples were analyzed according to the IUPAC method 2.302 [12], with an Agilent 6890N gas chromatograph (Agilent Technologies Co., Ltd.), fitted with a flame ionization detector. The flow rate of the N2 carrier gas with a split ratio of 1:20 was set at 70 mL/min. Injector temperature was at 250 °C; carrier gas (helium) was at a flow rate of 1 mL/min; ionization energy was 70 eV; mass range was 40–500 m/z and scan mode was on electron impact.
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