Abstract
Wild berry are a rich of natural compounds which provide them high antioxidant potential. The compounds which provide them these proprieties are known to be vitamins, flavonoids, anthocyanins and phenolic acids. The aim of this study was to extract and characterize bioactive compounds from rose hip (Rosa canina L.) currently found in Romania. A qualitative high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (ESI-MS) detection in positive ion mode has been used to identify phenolic compounds from rose hip crude extract. The chromatograms revealed the presence of a large number of compounds (19), identified and grouped as phenolic acids and flavones/ols, flavan-3-ols and also anthocyanins. Based on obtained results these berries can be highly recommended as part of our diet. Also this finding represents a contribution to the chemical characterization of phenolic profile of rose hip.
Highlights
The genus Rosa L. (Rosaceae) covers more than 100 wild species and thousands of cultivars, which are widespread and grow in the north part of Europe, Asia, Middle East and North America (Rehder, 1940; Gu et al, 2003)
Rose hip (Rosa canina L.) varieties were not extensively studied, due to this fact the present study relieved that they are a rich source of anthocyanins, flavonol glycosides and phenolic acids
The identification of phenolic compounds present in rose hip crude extract was performed by comparing their UV-Vis spectra with published data and available standards, as well, trough HPLCDAD-ESI/mass spectrometry (MS)
Summary
The genus Rosa L. (Rosaceae) covers more than 100 wild species and thousands of cultivars, which are widespread and grow in the north part of Europe, Asia, Middle East and North America (Rehder, 1940; Gu et al, 2003). The small berries are an important source of colour, flavours and bioactive compounds with potential health benefits (Hvattum, 2002; Wu et al, 2005; He et al, 2010; Jodee et al, 2011; Rugină et al, 2012; Tayefi-Nasrabadi et al, 2012; Widen et al, 2012; Dulf et al, 2013; Yang et al, 2015). Rosa canina L. grows naturally in Romania and, as reported previously, fruit and flavoured teas are very popular in many European countries (Pękal et al, 2011). The chemical composition of rose hip has been very rarely evaluated in comparing with other berries containing similar compounds. The polyphenols contained by rose hip are a large group of secondary metabolites They are widely distributed in vegetables and berries ranging from simple molecules, such as phenolic acids, to complex molecules with numerous phenolic groups, e.g. acylated flavonoid glycosides, proanthocyanidins or tannins. Polyphenols occur primarily in conjugated form, linked to sugars moieties, and to other compounds, such as carboxylic and organic acids, amines, lipids and even to other polyphenols (Bravo, 1998; Guimarães et al, 2013)
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