Abstract
A novel natural hydroxyapatite (HAp) bioceramic was extracted from the ostrich cortical bone by the thermal decomposition method. HAp was characterized by different analytical tools such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Removal of organic impurities from the bone powder was confirmed by TGA analysis. FTIR spectra of HAp confirmed the presence of the major functional groups such as phosphate (PO43−), hydroxyl (OH−), and carbonate (CO32−) in the bioceramic. The XRD data revealed that the HAp was the crystalline phase obtained by calcination of the bone powder at 950°C, and the SEM analyses confirmed the typical plate-like texture of the nanosized HAp crystals.
Highlights
At the molecular level, the animal bone is composed of 30–35% organic and 65–70% inorganic components on a dry weight basis [1]. e organic part of the bone contains mainly collagen (95%) and proteins [2]
Preparation of Bone Powder. e method adopted for the extraction of HAp was the modified procedures of Barakat et al [18] and Sobczak et al [33]. e bone samples were cleaned to get rid of visible impurities employing a sharp knife. en, they were cut into small pieces using a hacksaw
Due to the change in the molecular environment of the bone powder, there is a shift in the intensities and position of their corresponding absorption bands [38]. e mixed broad band in the range of 3854–3568 cm−1 is attributed to the volatile impurities and trace amount of water molecules incorporated into the bone powder. ermal decomposition helps to eliminate most of the volatile organic impurities from the bone powder [39]
Summary
The animal bone is composed of 30–35% organic and 65–70% inorganic components on a dry weight basis [1]. e organic part of the bone contains mainly collagen (95%) and proteins [2]. It is a calcium/ phosphate-based bioceramic which is chemically like the inorganic constituent of the bone matrix (a very complex bone tissue) with the general formula Ca10 (PO4) (OH) 2 [4]. Is ceramic is biocompatible, osteoconductive, noninflammatory, and nonimmunogenic and bioactive; i.e., it has an ability to form a direct bond with living tissues and promote tissue growth [5] Owing to these properties and chemical likeness to the mineral constituent of the bone matrix, it is a prime filler material to replace damaged bone or is a coating on implants to promote bone ingrowths into prosthetic implants and many more non-load bearing applications [6]. In comparison with chemical precursors, these sources are biologically safe as no foreign chemicals are utilized and are ecofriendly and cost effective
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