Extraction and Characterization of Natural Dye from Green Walnut Shells and Its Use in Dyeing Polyamide: Focus on Antibacterial Properties

Mohammad Mirjalili,Loghman Karimi

doi:10.1155/2013/375352

Abstract

Extraction of dyes from walnut using Soxhlet apparatus has been studied. The color components extracted and isolated from walnut shells were characterized by column chromatography, thin layer chromatography (TLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectroscopy (MS), and infrared (IR) techniques. Natural dye extract obtained from the walnut was used in dyeing polyamide fabrics with different mordants. The dyed fabrics were evaluated for antibacterial activity against pathogenic strains of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. As such, the relationship between antibacterial activity and dye concentration is investigated. Durability of antibacterial activity to laundering is also discussed. Results indicate that the polyamide dyed with walnut displayed excellent antibacterial activity in the presence of ferric sulfate, cupric sulfate, and potassium aluminum sulfate and exhibited good and durable fastness properties.

Highlights

Nowadays, the interest for antimicrobial textiles has significantly increased due to their potential to provide a higher level of hygiene in home areas and safety benefits to people [1, 2]
Nontoxic and ecofriendly dye was extracted from walnut shells using soxhlet apparatus, and antibacterial polyamide fabrics were prepared by natural dyeing in the presence of various mordants
We focused on the antibacterial activity of dyed fabrics against two common pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)

Summary

Introduction

The interest for antimicrobial textiles has significantly increased due to their potential to provide a higher level of hygiene in home areas and safety benefits to people [1, 2]. Textile materials provide ideal environment for growth and multiplication of pathogenic microbes leading to unpleasant odor, dermal infection, weakening of the substrate, discoloration, allergies, and other related diseases [3]. For this reason, there is an urgent need for a potentially effective means to control and/or inhibit microbiological growth to protect both the wearer and textiles. Nontoxic and ecofriendly dye was extracted from walnut shells using soxhlet apparatus, and antibacterial polyamide fabrics were prepared by natural dyeing in the presence of various mordants. We focused on the antibacterial activity of dyed fabrics against two common pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)

Experimental

CH2 C OH O

Result and Discussion

Conclusions