Abstract
Objective: This study focused on the extraction of bioactive constituents in Iraqi cultivated Artemisia dracunculus L dried aerial parts and phytochemical screening with qualitative estimation of three important flavonols (kampferol, quercetin and rutin). The study also included evaluating the antitumor effects (skin cancer) of methanolic extract for this plant.Methods: Extraction of bioactive constituents was carried out according to standard protocols using 85% methanol. The phytochemical screening has been done using chemical tests and GC/MS with qualitative estimation of three flavonols (kampferol, quercetin and rutin) utilized preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC). Skin cancer in mice was induced by using 7, 12-dimethylbenze (a) anthracene to evaluate the antitumor effect of methanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus when administered orally via intragastric feeding tube. Body weight, tumor volume, tumor burden, percent of tumor incidence and histopathological examination were measured in all tested animals.Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of glycosides, volatile oils, alkaloids, tannin, terpenoids, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC) analysis indicated that rutin had the highest concentration followed by quercetin while kampferol had the lowest concentration. The methanolic extract of the Artemisia dracunculus significantly reduced the percent of tumor incidence, tumor volume and tumor burden of skin cancer in mice (p<0.05).Conclusion: Dried aerial parts of Iraqi Artemisia dracunculus contain many bioactive constituents including three flavonoid compounds (quercetin, kampferol and rutin) that may be responsible for chemo preventive effect exerting by methanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus against 7, 12-dimethylbenzeanthracine-induced skin cancer in mice.
Highlights
Man ever since his first appearance on earth, has used plant throughout his historical development as a source of medicines
The parts have been grinding to the powder by using an electrical blender and weighed for the extraction procedure. 100 g of dried powder of aerial parts of A. dracunculus were extracted by using soxhlet apparatus in which powdered plant was packed in a thimble of it and extracted with methanol 85% for 24 h to extract all possible constituents filter by using Whatman no.1 filter paper and cool, and allow to evaporate the solvent using rotary evaporator (Buchi, Germany)at temperature not exceeding 40 ̊C, the residue dried extract was weighed and subjected for different phytochemical screening [12, 13]
Methanolic extract was obtained from the experimental work, in which the methanolic extract has extracted by Soxhlet apparatus for 24 h: Results of preliminary chemical screening tests shown in table 3 indicate the presence of glycosides, volatile oils, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannin, phenolic compounds and flavonoids in methanolic extract of Iraqi A. dracunculus dried aerial parts
Summary
Man ever since his first appearance on earth, has used plant throughout his historical development as a source of medicines. (tarragon) is a perennial herb which belongs to Asteraceae family. It has a long history of use in culinary traditions. It possesses a wide range of health benefits and has been widely used as an herbal medicine [2]. A wider range of secondary metabolites (flavonoids, phenyl-propanoids, coumarins, tannins, essential oil) are reported, determining Artemisia dracunculus (A. dracunculus) biological activities and its potential use as a source of plant-derived pharmaceutical chemical entities and complex extracts [3]
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