Abstract
The extraction efficiency of a number of solvent compositions for the improvement of bioactive compounds yield from S. baicalensis has been investigated. Also, free radical scavengers in the glycoside baicalin (BG), wogonoside (WG), aglycon baicalein (B), and wogonin (W) compounds of S. baicalensis were screened, identified, and quantified using coupled offline ABTS and online screening HPLC-ABTS assay. Increasing ethanol content fractions resulted in decreased extract yield of bioactive compounds. In this case, the best yield of 37.01 mg/g in BG, WG, B, and W compounds was obtained by a dipping method with an extraction time of 4 h. In addition, the yield (43.05%) and IC50 (34.04 μg/mL) determined through ABTS assay of the 60% aqueous ethanol extract were the most satisfactory of all solvent solutions tested. This result shows that an online screening HPLC-ABTS assay can be a powerful technique for the rapid characterization of bioactivity compounds in plant extracts. Moreover, their anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated via analyzed inhibitory effect on NO and inflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, WG and W exhibited the strong inhibitory effects on inflammatory mediator production including NO, IL-6, and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.
Highlights
Scutellaria baicalensis is one of the most widely used medicinal herbs for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, such as hepatitis, tumors, and diarrhea in East Asian countries [1, 2]
In previous studies of extraction methods, a variety of approaches have been developed for the extraction of useful components from S. baicalensis, for instance, soxhlet extraction (SE), heating reflux extraction (HRE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) [9], ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) [10], and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) [11]
Identification of the bioactivity compounds in S. baicalensis has been achieved through several methods, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC), capillary electrophoresis Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry (CE), and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) [12]
Summary
Scutellaria baicalensis is one of the most widely used medicinal herbs for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, such as hepatitis, tumors, and diarrhea in East Asian countries [1, 2]. In the past few years, online screening with a HPLC postcolumn assay involving the DPPH or ABTS radical technique has been developed, allowing bioactive compounds to be spectrophotometrically monitored This method was successfully applied for screening and identifying natural bioactive compounds from complex mixtures, especially for extracts of OMHs [13, 14]. Various solvent extraction techniques are compared in terms of their yields of the four major compounds: glycoside baicalin (BG), wogonoside (WG), aglycon baicalein (B), and wogonin (W) compounds in S. baicalensis. Their anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated via analyzed inhibitory effect on NO and inflammatory cytokine production
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