Abstract
The scientific name of the traditional Chinese medicinal fungus, Sanghuang, has been clarified and confirmed that it is a new species -Sanghuangporus sanghuang in the recently discovered genus, Sanghuangporus. To maximize the yield of the active ingredients such as the triterpenoids from authentic Sanghuangporus sanghuang, four parameters of the extraction process, including the extraction time, solid–liquid ratio, extraction temperature, and ethanol concentration were determined. The Box–Behnken experimental design and the response surface method were used to optimize the triterpenoid extraction processes of Sanghuangporus sanghuang mycelium. The results showed that the parameters of the triterpenoid extraction processes were not simple linear relationships. Optimum conditions of ultrasonic extraction required an 80% ethanol concentration, a 1:20 solid–liquid ratio, a 20-min extraction time, and a 60 °C extraction temperature, to obtain a maximum triterpenoid extraction of 13.30 mg/g. Antioxidant capacity tests showed that the Sanghuangporus sanghuang triterpenoids had high clearance capabilities for hydroxyl free radicals, superoxide anions, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals, and 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) radicals, indicating that the Sanghuangporus sanghuang triterpenoids had high antioxidant activities.
Highlights
The first use of the medicinal fungus Sanghuang can be traced back to 2,000 years ago in China
The total triterpenoid extraction was optimal at an ethanol concentration of 80% under the conditions of a 1:15 solid– liquid ratio, 15 min extraction time, 100 W of extraction power, and a 60 °C extraction temperature
A substantial amount of authentic Sanghuangporus sanghuang mycelium was obtained in a short amount of time by liquid fermentation
Summary
The first use of the medicinal fungus Sanghuang can be traced back to 2,000 years ago in China. Triterpenoids are a class of bioactive substances in medicinal fungi, but their antitumor and antioxidant properties have been less studied than those of polysaccharides[10]. They have many functions, such as inhibiting histamine release, lowering blood pressure, and protecting the liver[11]. Ultrasound treatment has a strong mass transfer and a cavitation effect, which facilitate the permeation of the solvent molecules into tissue cells to maximize contact with the solute Because this can significantly improve the yield of active ingredients, it is widely used in the extraction of bioactive substances. The antioxidant activities of Sanghuang triterpenoids were determined to provide the basis for the development and utilization of this medicinal fungus
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