Abstract
SummaryExtractable surface hydrocarbons of adults of various ages chosen at random from species of honeybees (Apis florea, A. dorsata, A. mellifera and A. cerana), and newly-emerged adult workers of subspecies of A. mellifera were analysed by gas chromatography and by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. There were significant quantitative and qualitative differences between the hydrocarbons of the 4 species of Apis. The quantity of hydrocarbon per bee was higher for A. dorsata and A. cerana than for A. mellifera, and even the quantity found in the much smaller A. florea approached that of A. mellifera. The major hydrocarbons of the surface waxes of A. florea, A. mellifera, and A. cerana were normal alkanes and alkenes. For A. dorsata, there was also a substantial proportion of branched alkanes. Small quantities of branched alkanes were found in the surface waxes of A. mellifera and A. cerana, but only traces were found in those of A. florea. Compared with workers, drones of A. dorsata and A...
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