Abstract
Skin aging is mediated by genetics, hormonal changes, metabolic processes, and environmental stress. UV radiation is concerned as a major risk factor for skin aging, including wrinkles, and melanoma. Studies suggested that calcium ion channels, such as TRPV1 and ORAI1, are related with melanogenesis, skin wrinkling, and inflammation. Foeniculum vulgare has been used to treat inflammatory diseases. Recent studies showed that it protects against UV radiation‐induced skin photoaging. However, its effect on the ion channels related to UV‐induced photoaging is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antagonistic effects of F. vulgare extract, fractions, and constituents on TRPV1.Electrophysiological analysis results showed that, at 100 μM, F. vulgare extract and fractions potently inhibited capsaicin‐induced TRPV1 [methanol extract (91%), n‐hexane (94%), and methylene chloride (100%) at −60 mV]. The methanol extract of F. vulgare inhibited MMP‐1 (collagenase) production (35% at 3.75 μg/mL), compared with control. These results suggested that the compounds in F. vulgare extract and fractions possessed anti‐aging effects that can decrease wrinkles and maintain elasticity by disrupting MMP‐1 production activated by the MAPK pathway. Unfortunately, compounds isolated from the hexane and methylene chloride fractions could not suppress ITRPV1. Surprisingly, even though capsaicin increased ITRPV1, the γ‐terpinene, limonene, scopoletin, and bergapten isolated from these two fractions slightly potentiated ITRPV1. Although 4 compounds of F. vulgare exerted an agonistic effect on TRPV1, the compounds with antagonistic effect have not been discovered. Our study suggested that F. vulgare had potential therapeutic effects on UV‐induced photoaging for therapeutic and cosmetic applications.Effect of F. vulgare extract and fractions on human TRPV1 (hTRPV1) current under capsaicin (CAP) treatmentFigure 1Effects of F. vulgare extract and fractions on UV‐induced melanogenesisFigure 2
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