Abstract
It was investigated, using a female rat model of low and moderate exposure of human to cadmium (Cd, 1 and 5 mg Cd/kg diet for 3–24 months), whether a polyphenol-rich 0.1% aqueous extract from Aronia melanocarpa L. berries (AE) may prevent Cd-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative modifications of proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the liver. For this purpose, markers of lipid peroxidation (lipid peroxides and 8-isoprostane) and oxidative injury of proteins (protein carbonyl groups and 3-nitrotyrosine) and DNA (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine) were measured in this organ. The expression of metallothionein 1 (MT1) and metallothionein 2 (MT2) genes was estimated for a better explanation of the possible mechanisms of protective action of AE against Cd hepatotoxicity. The low and moderate treatment with Cd induced lipid peroxidation and oxidatively modified proteins and DNA, as well as enhanced the expression of MT1 and MT2 in the liver, whereas the co-administration of AE completely prevented almost all of these effects. The results allow us to conclude that the consumption of aronia products under exposure to Cd may offer protection against oxidative injury of the main cellular macromolecules in the liver, including especially lipid peroxidation, and in this way prevent damage to this organ.
Highlights
IntroductionThe health-promoting impact of numerous compounds naturally occurring in plants (i.e., polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals) and dietary products abundant in these compounds in prevention of various diseases and their treatment is well-known and widely reported [1,2,3,4]
The health-promoting impact of numerous compounds naturally occurring in plants and dietary products abundant in these compounds in prevention of various diseases and their treatment is well-known and widely reported [1,2,3,4]
Rats of lipid peroxides (LPO) and 8-isoprostane in the liver of female rats exposed to cadmium exposed to cadmium were given Cd in
Summary
The health-promoting impact of numerous compounds naturally occurring in plants (i.e., polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals) and dietary products abundant in these compounds in prevention of various diseases and their treatment is well-known and widely reported [1,2,3,4]. In recent years a growing attention of the scientific community, especially nutritionists and toxicologists, has been focused on the possibilities of using the beneficial properties of plant-derived biologically active substances, including polyphenols, and products abundant in these compounds in protection against detrimental health outcomes of exposure to the main and most toxic contaminants of dietary products such as cadmium (Cd) [3,4,5,6]. Searching for an effective method of preventing adverse health effects of exposure to this metal is one of the main issues the attention of researchers has been focused on. Owing to the fact that Cd toxicity is strictly connected with its pro-oxidative action, the main interest in looking for the most effective strategy of prevention from the dangerous effects of its action has been attached to natural antioxidants, especially polyphenolic compounds [4,5,6,11,12,13,14,15]
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