Extract from Aronia melanocarpa L. Berries Prevents Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Liver: A Study in A Rat Model of Low-Level and Moderate Lifetime Human Exposure to this Toxic Metal.

Magdalena Mężyńska,Barbara Piłat-Marcinkiewicz,Joanna Rogalska,Małgorzata Brzóska

doi:10.3390/nu11010021

Magdalena Mężyńska, Barbara Piłat-Marcinkiewicz + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010021

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Journal: Nutrients	Publication Date: Dec 21, 2018
Citations: 35	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Medical University of Białystok

Abstract

The study investigated, in a rat model of low-level and moderate environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd; 1 or 5 mg Cd/kg diet, respectively, for 3 to 24 months), whether the co-administration of 0.1% extract from Aronia melanocarpa L. berries (AE) may protect against oxidative stress in the liver and in this way mediate this organ status. The intoxication with Cd, dose- and duration-dependently, weakened the enzymatic antioxidative barrier, decreased the concentrations of reduced glutathione and total thiol groups, and increased the concentrations of oxidized glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, xanthine oxidase, and myeloperoxidase in this organ. These resulted in a decrease in the total antioxidative status, increase in the total oxidative status and development of oxidative stress (increased oxidative stress index and malondialdehyde concentration) and histopathological changes in the liver. The administration of AE at both levels of Cd treatment significantly improved the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidative barrier, decreased pro-oxidant concentration, and protected from the development of oxidative stress in the liver and changes in its morphology, as well as normalized the serum activities of liver enzymes markers. In conclusion, consumption of aronia products may prevent Cd-induced destroying the oxidative/antioxidative balance and development of oxidative stress in the liver protecting against this organ damage.

Highlights

Nowadays, the growing interest of the scientific community, including nutritionists, has been focused on the possibility of using various compounds naturally occurring in plants, in the prevention and treatment of civilization diseases, and in the protection against the unfavorable outcomes of exposure to environmental pollutants, including toxic heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) [1,2,3,4,5,6]
The administration of Aronia melanocarpa L. (AE) alone for up to 24 months had no impact on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) and the concentration of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the liver (Figures 1 and 2), except for a decrease in the activities of GR after 3 months (Figure 2) and CAT after 10 months of the study (Figure 1)
The present paper is the first study indicating the beneficial influence of a polyphenol-rich extract from A. melanocarpa L. berries on the oxidative/antioxidative balance in the liver and its ability to protect against the development of oxidative stress and this organ damage at low-level and moderate chronic intoxication with Cd corresponding to current environmental exposure to this xenobiotic [2,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19]

Summary

Introduction

The growing interest of the scientific community, including nutritionists, has been focused on the possibility of using various compounds naturally occurring in plants, in the prevention and treatment of civilization diseases, and in the protection against the unfavorable outcomes of exposure to environmental pollutants, including toxic heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Environmental exposure to Cd at levels nowadays occurring in numerous countries has been reported to create a risk of damage to the kidneys [2,11], skeleton [2,12], and cardiovascular system [2,13], as well as the deterioration of sight and hearing [14,15]

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