Abstract
Heart failure (HF) can be defined as cardiac structural or functional abnormality leading to a series of symptoms due to deficiency of oxygen delivery. In the clinical practice, acute heart failure (AHF) is usually performed as cardiogenic shock (CS), pulmonary edema, and single or double ventricle congestive heart failure. CS refers to depressed or insufficient cardiac output (CO) attributable to myocardial infarction, fulminant myocarditis, acute circulatory failure attributable to intractable arrhythmias or the exacerbation of chronic heart failure, postcardiotomy low CO syndrome, and so forth. Epidemiological studies have shown that CS has higher in-hospital mortality in patients with AHF. Besides, we call the induced, sustained circulatory failure even after administration of high doses of inotropes and vasopressors refractory cardiogenic shock. In handling these cases, mechanical circulatory support devices are usually needed. In this review, we discuss the current application status and clinical points in utilizing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
Highlights
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) evolved from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and provides prolonged hemodynamic and respiratory support outside of the operating suite [1]
The hemodynamic stabilization depends on patients’ intrinsic cardiac output (CO) in VV ECMO; its application is for isolated respiratory failure
We focus on the current application status and clinical points of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) in cardiogenic shock (CS)
Summary
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) evolved from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and provides prolonged hemodynamic and respiratory support outside of the operating suite [1]. In VV ECMO, blood is drained via an inflow cannula in vena cava and returned via an outflow cannula in right atrium. The hemodynamic stabilization depends on patients’ intrinsic cardiac output (CO) in VV ECMO; its application is for isolated respiratory failure. This modality was used successfully in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) during influenza A (H1N1) pandemic [4, 5]. In VA ECMO, blood is drained via a venous inflow cannula in the vena cava and returned via an outflow cannula to the arterial system. We focus on the current application status and clinical points of VA ECMO in CS
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