Abstract
Currently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of many diseases, including lung disorders, with the possibility of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The analysis of EV in respiratory tract diseases faces many obstacles, including material collection from airways, standardization of isolation techniques, detection methods, the analysis of their content, etc. This review focuses on the role of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of atopic respiratory diseases, especially asthma, with a special focus on their clinical applicability as a diagnostic tool. We also summarize available laboratory techniques that enable the detection of EVs in various biological materials, with particular emphasis on flow cytometry. The opportunities and limitations of detecting EV in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were also described.
Highlights
The group of extracellular vesicles (EVs) consists of exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, pulmonary hypertension, acute lung injury could be mention here, along with atopic respiratory diseases and asthma, which are mentioned in this review [1,2,3,4,5,6]
Levänen et al confirmed that miRNA cargo of EVs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of asthmatic patients differed from healthy controls, and some miRNAs strongly correlated with impaired lung function [14]
Summary
The group of extracellular vesicles (EVs) consists of exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. EVs are thought to be responsible for communication between cells in the organism In recent years, they have become a very popular subject to study in the context of investigating the pathogenesis of various diseases, diagnostics, and with the possibility of therapeutic applications. They have become a very popular subject to study in the context of investigating the pathogenesis of various diseases, diagnostics, and with the possibility of therapeutic applications Their additional advantage is that they can be detected and analyzed in various biological materials collected from the patient. They are assessed in every possible discipline of medicine, from cardiology, hematology to gynecology, as well as neurology. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, pulmonary hypertension, acute lung injury could be mention here, along with atopic respiratory diseases and asthma, which are mentioned in this review [1,2,3,4,5,6]
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