Extracellular Vesicles from Stromal Vascular Fraction of Human Adipose Tissue in the Development of Non-antibiotic Therapy.

Abstract

Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (ARMS) are the leading cause of socio- economic loss in the world, with historical evidence linking them to increased mortality and morbidity. In this systematic review, we highlight a new treatment approach for antibiotic-resistant infections using 'Extracellular vesicle (EVs)-based therapy,' also known as cell- and drug-free therapy. Here, we categorize and summarize studies on EVs derived from various human sources, such as tissues, bodily fluids, or their condition media, emphasizing their anti-infective properties in the treatment of various infections. In addition, we contend that human adipose tissue (HAT) is a superior source of antimicrobial EVs (aEVs) and investigate the distinct antimicrobial properties of aEVs derived from a stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of human adipose tissue. In light of this, we described the limited literature and research gaps that are essential for using SVF-aEVs as personalized precision medicine. The notion behind adipose-derived SVF-EVs is supported by extensive literature searches that demonstrate growing trends in EV-based medical treatments as well as the larger therapeutic potential of HAT because of its extensive history of usage in regenerative medicine. Additionally, the underlying science that explains how the inflammatory process aids in the clearance of infections and the restoration of homeostasis after the host immune system successfully defends against foreign pathogens, as well as the fact that adipose-derived SVF is a noninvasive, cost-effective source of a variety of parent immune cells that produces a good yield of EVs with the same genetic make-up as their parent cells, make this concept worthwhile. This research may thereby increase survival rates and survival quality in cases of resistant infections. Vocabulary: Drug- and cell-free therapy = Nano molecules (extracellular vesicles) used as a therapeutic source without the need for chemical drugs or cell transplantation. Anti-infection EVs (aEVs) = Nature's own anti-infection powered EVs (unmodified).