Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Radiation Injuries.

Lalitha Sarad Yamini Nanduri,Radia Tamarat,Chandan Guha,Weng-Lang Yang,Phaneendra K Duddempudi

doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.662437

Abstract

Normal tissue injury from accidental or therapeutic exposure to high-dose radiation can cause severe acute and delayed toxicities, which result in mortality and chronic morbidity. Exposure to single high-dose radiation leads to a multi-organ failure, known as acute radiation syndrome, which is caused by radiation-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage to tissue stem cells. The radiation exposure results in acute cell loss, cell cycle arrest, senescence, and early damage to bone marrow and intestine with high mortality from sepsis. There is an urgent need for developing medical countermeasures against radiation injury for normal tissue toxicity. In this review, we discuss the potential of applying secretory extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages for promoting repair and regeneration of organs after radiation injury.

Highlights

The first report of detrimental effects of ionizing radiation on healthy normal tissues came to light after the atomic bomb explosions in 1945
In this review we have focused on the bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), endothelial cell (EC)- and Mɸ-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) for radiation injuries
This study reported a dose-dependent increase in EV uptake in bone marrow, spleen, and liver when injected with 2 × 108, 2 × 109, and 2 × 1010 particles of Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (BMMSCs)-EVs, 24 h post-5 Gy whole-body irradiation (WBI)

Summary

Introduction

The first report of detrimental effects of ionizing radiation on healthy normal tissues came to light after the atomic bomb explosions in 1945. Different types of stem cells were investigated in these studies for their potential to engraft, differentiate, repair, and regenerate radiation-damaged tissues. EVs isolated from mice, rats, and human BMMSCs have been studied for their regenerative potential in different organ injury models (Table 1).

Results

Conclusion