Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) correspond to a heterogeneous set of membrane nanovesicles secreted in the extracellular medium and circulating in the various fluids of the body. These EVs convey biological material (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) that they can transfer to target cells/tissues thus modulating their response and/or phenotype. The metabolic dysfunctions characterizing metabolic diseases associated with obesity are associated with changes in circulating EV concentrations as well as alterations in their content. The growing interest in EVs as new vectors of intercellular communication has led to question about their role in the development of metabolic complications. In this review, we will discuss the literature on circulating EVs as potential markers of metabolic diseases and then detail inter-organ dialogue based on this EV trafficking underlying the development of related obesity. Finally, we will discuss future avenues of research that will help to better understand the link between EVs and metabolic diseases.
Highlights
to a heterogeneous set of membrane nanovesicles secreted in the extracellular medium
phenotype. The metabolic dysfunctions characterizing metabolic diseases associated with obesity are associated with changes
The growing interest in Extracellular vesicles (EVs) as new vectors of intercellular communication has led to question about their role in the development
Summary
Que les VE adipocytaires pourraient participer à cette élévation [9]. Cependant, l’absence de marqueurs spécifiques permettant l’identification des VE sécrétées par les adipocytes ne permet pas la quantification des VE adipocytaires circulantes. L’élévation des VE plasmatiques observée dans les complications métaboliques associées à l’obésité s’accompagne généralement d’une élévation concomitante des VE d’origine plaquettaire, érythrocytaire, leucocytaire ou endothéliale [3, 6, 7]. Les médicaments (anti-plaquettaires, anti-hypertenseurs, statines ou insuline) bien souvent prescrits aux patients présentant un risque cardiovasculaire élevé, influencent également les niveaux de VE circulantes et/ ou leur contenu [3]. Les maladies métaboliques sont associées à de fortes concentrations de VE circulantes Les concentrations de pVE et de gVE plasmatiques sont significativement augmentées chez les patients souffrant de SMet [4, 5], et sont corrélées à l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC), soulignant l’importance de l’obésité [6] (Figure 1). Plusieurs études ont ainsi démontré un fort taux circulant de gVE plaquettaires ou endothéliales chez des patients souffrant d’athérosclérose [11], tandis que des niveaux circulants élevés de gVE leucocytaires sont associés à des plaques athérosclérotiques instables [12]. La m/s n° 12, vol 37, décembre 2021
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