Abstract
Novel Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) based diagnostic techniques are promising non-invasive procedures for early stage disease detection which are gaining importance in the medical field. EVs are cell derived particles found in body liquids, especially blood, from which they are isolated for further analysis. However, techniques for their isolation are not fully standardized and require further improvement. Herein modification of polypropylene (PP) tubes by cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet (APPJ) is suggested to minimize the EVs to surface binding and thus increase EVs isolation yields. The influence of gaseous plasma treatment on surface morphology was studied by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), changes in surface wettability by measuring the Water Contact Angle (WCA), while surface chemical changes were analyzed by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, PP tubes from different manufacturers were compared. The final isolation yields of EVs were evaluated by flow cytometry. The results of this study suggest that gaseous plasma treatment is an intriguing technique to uniformly alter surface properties of PP tubes and improve EVs isolation yields up to 42%.
Highlights
Due to a large increase in the human population and demand for healthcare, novel fast, and effective techniques for diagnosis and treatment are needed [1]
The moisture and oxygen from the atmosphere are removed by a high vacuum inside the X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS); oxygen content on the surface is relevant and could be observed due to various fillers used in polymer manufacturing
Results of XPS analysis done on different samples indicate that PP samples differ in surface composition, which does influence the biological interactions, and the interaction of the surface with gaseous plasma species
Summary
Due to a large increase in the human population and demand for healthcare, novel fast, and effective techniques for diagnosis and treatment are needed [1]. Stage disease diagnostic is of crucial importance for successful treatment and improved healing rates [2]. While traditional techniques are often invasive, target-specific, and can only be employed when the disease has already matured, novel Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) based techniques represent the opposite. EVs are small cell derived particles involved in cell-to-cell communication [3,4]. They carry the biological material from the cell of origin and are transported throughout the human body by all body fluids.
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