Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer expression has an impact on survival in human bladder cancer

Abstract

Aim: Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) has been shown to promote tumor invasion and metastasis via stimulating matrix metalloproteinase synthesis in neighboring fibroblasts, to enhance angiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor, to induce chemoresistant tumor cells via the production of hyaluronan, and to confer resistance of cancer cells to anoikis through inhibition of Bim. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of EMMPRIN in human primary bladder cancer and to evaluate its prognostic value. Methods: EMMPRIN expression patterns were detected by immunohistochemistry. In order to determine its prognostic value, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazard analysis. Results: Of the 101 cases with bladder cancers, 68 (67.3%) cases were positive for EMMPRIN expression. When categorized into negative vs. positive expression, EMMPRIN was associated with the stage ( p = 0.006), the grade ( p = 0.002), carcinoma in situ ( p = 0.01), the recurrence ( p = 0.009), the progression ( p = 0.009), and the death ( p = 0.01) of patients with bladder cancer. Moreover, positive EMMPRIN expression clearly predicted poorer PFS ( p = 0.008) and OS ( p = 0.006). In the multivariate analysis, positive EMMPRIN expression was an independent prognostic factor for PFS ( p = 0.03) and OS ( p = 0.03). Conclusion: EMMPRIN expression was greater in bladder cancers than in the adjacent normal tissues and may be a useful prognostic marker for patients with bladder cancer.