Extracellular Matrix Induces Periodontal Ligament Reconstruction In Vivo.

Naoko Nakamura,Akio Kishida,Tsuyoshi Kimura,Ai Ito

doi:10.3390/ijms20133277

Abstract

One of the problems in dental implant treatment is the lack of periodontal ligament (PDL), which supports teeth, prevents infection, and transduces sensations such as chewiness. The objective of the present study was to develop a decellularized PDL for supporting an artificial tooth. To this end, we prepared mouse decellularized mandible bone with a PDL matrix by high hydrostatic pressure and DNase and detergent treatments and evaluated its reconstruction in vivo. After tooth extraction, the decellularized mandible bone with PDL matrix was implanted under the subrenal capsule in rat and observed that host cells migrated into the matrix and oriented along the PDL collagen fibers. The extracted decellularized tooth and de- and re-calcified teeth, which was used as an artificial tooth model, were re-inserted into the decellularized mandible bone and implanted under the subrenal capsule in rat. The reconstructed PDL matrix for the extracted decellularized tooth resembled the decellularized mandible bone without tooth extraction. This demonstrates that decellularized PDL matrix can reconstruct PDL tissue by controlling host cell migration, which could serve as a novel periodontal treatment approach.

Highlights

Periodontal ligament (PDL) connecting tooth and alveolar bone has several functions including preventing bacterial infection, shock absorption, sensing load on the teeth, and moving and aligning teeth
We previously reported that high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) decellularization, in which cells are ruptured by HHP and cell components are washed out, can effectively decellularize tissues such as blood vessel [10,11,12,13], cornea [14,15], and bone and bone marrow [16,17] while preserving the tissue structure
We investigated whether a decellularized mandible bone with periodontal ligament (PDL) matrix and a re-inserted artificial tooth could serve as artificial periodontal tissue

Summary

Introduction

Periodontal ligament (PDL) connecting tooth and alveolar bone has several functions including preventing bacterial infection, shock absorption, sensing load on the teeth, and moving and aligning teeth. Periodontitis causes damage to tooth-supporting tissues such as PDL and alveolar bone, resulting in tooth loss. Dental implants are a general treatment for tooth loss for which several materials including Ti and Zr are used. Implants are directly inserted into and anchored in alveolar bone. Various types of modification of the implant surface have been attempted. Recent studies have investigated the regeneration of PDL using stem cells. Stem cell sheets were shown to regenerate PDL in vivo [1,2], and periodontal stem cell sheets enhanced PDL regeneration around Ti dental implants [3]

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