Abstract
Abstract Porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) of Cook Biotech is widely used in tissue remodeling. It also proved safe and effective in enhancing efficacy of a prostate cancer vaccine. In this study, we compared SIS-adjuvanticity with alum’s in mobilizing innate immunity via inflammasomes, and in boosting antibody response to soluble proteins, ovalbumin, and a hapten-protein conjugate, phthalate-KLH. This evaluation carried out in BALB/c, C57Bl/6 and lupus-prone NZB/WF1 mice was done by both Intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes of immunization. Methods involved determination of antibody titer, isotyping, microarray profiling of cytokines and chemokines and qPCR of inflammasomes-related genes. Results clearly highlighted the difference between SIS and alum. SIS provoked neither pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα) nor NLRP3 inflammasomes as alum did, but it did up-regulate IL4 and CD30-ligand. SIS also activated chemotactic factors LIX and KC (neutrophil chemotactic factors), MCP 1 (monocyte chemotactic factors), MCSF and MIP 1-α (macrophage chemotactic factor) and Lympotactin, albeit a little less than Alum. SIS, however, was as effective as alum in engendering lasting and specific antibody responses, primarily of IgG1 type, but proved inconsequential in induction of anti-DNA response or renal pathology. In conclusion, although both alum and SIS induced Th2 type immune response, SIS was much less inflammatory than alum.
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