Abstract

Introduction: The expression of genes that code for proteins involved in cellular calcium handling, such as sarco-endoplasmatic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) and Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), as well as the expression of the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) gene, is altered in a characteristic fashion in congestive heart failure. Several of the respective molecular pathways involve cytoplasmic calcium. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that contractile force and synthesis of these proteins depend on the extracellular calcium concentration in isometrically contracting human myocardium.

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