Abstract
The use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) magnetized on applying an alternating magnetic field (AMF) to stimulate the thermal characteristics and to induce tumor apoptosis is a currently active area of research in cancer treatment. In previous work, we developed biocompatible and superparamagnetic polystyrene-sulfonic-acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles (PSS-MNPs) as applications for magnetically labeled cell trapping, but without assessment of treatment effects on tumor diseases. In the present work, we examined PSS-MNP-induced magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) on SK-Hep1 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells for lethal thermal effects with a self-made AMF system; an adjustable AMF frequency generated a variable intensity of magnetic field and induced MNP relaxation. The extracellular and intracellular MFH treatments on a SK-Hep1 cell line were implemented in vitro; the result indicates that the lethal effects were efficient and caused a significantly decreased cell viability of SK-Hep1 cells. As the PSS-MNP concentration decreased, especially in intracellular MFH treatments, the MFH effects on cells, however, largely decreased through heat spreading to the culture medium. On controlling and decreasing the volume of culture medium, the problem of heat spreading was solved. It can be consequently expected that PSS-MNPs would be a prospective agent for intracellular cancer magnetotherapy.
Highlights
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant disease and cause of cancer mortality [1]
Magnetic-fluid hyperthermia (MFH) treatment is a thermotherapy of a kind utilizing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that accumulate in the tumor tissues and generate a friction contributed from the alternating-magnetic-field(AMF)-induced magnetic-moment spin flipping (Neel relaxation) and nanoparticle rotation (Brownian relaxation) to provide local heat to the surrounding tissues or organs [9]
For a MFH evaluation of PSS-MNPs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro, we built an alternating magnetic field (AMF) system shown in Fig 1A and S1 Fig. The system consists of a hollow- cylinder-shaped acrylic structure, a resonant RLC-circuit machine (AC power supply), a circulation tank for water cooling and an iron cylinder core wrapped with copper coil (N = 100)
Summary
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant disease and cause of cancer mortality [1]. Magnetic-fluid hyperthermia (MFH) treatment is a thermotherapy of a kind utilizing MNPs that accumulate in the tumor tissues and generate a friction contributed from the alternating-magnetic-field(AMF)-induced magnetic-moment spin flipping (Neel relaxation) and nanoparticle rotation (Brownian relaxation) to provide local heat to the surrounding tissues or organs [9]. This heat can raise the local tissue temperature above 43 ̊C and induce the cancer cells to undergo apoptosis or necrosis without obvious damage to normal cells. The normal cells can remain intact during thermotherapy; the side effects in hyperthermia treatments are less than those of chemotherapy or radiotherapy [10]
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